Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

Attack Vector Network

Attack Complexity High

Privileges Required Low

Attack Requirements Present

User Interaction None

Vulnerable System Confidentiality Impact Low

Vulnerable System Integrity Impact Low

Vulnerable System Availability Impact Low

Subsequent System Confidentiality Impact None

Subsequent System Integrity Impact None

Subsequent System Availability Impact None

Attack Vector Network

Attack Complexity High

Privileges Required Low

Scope Unchanged

Confidentiality Impact Low

Integrity Impact Low

Availability Impact Low

User Interaction None

No CVSS v3.0

No CVSS v2

This CVE is not in the KEV list.

The EPSS score is 0.02679.

Exploitation poc

Automatable no

Technical Impact partial

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor Product Default status Versions
Netgate pfSense CE unaffected
Version Status Constraints
2.5.0 affected ≤ 2.9.0

No data.

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Project Subscriptions

Vendors Products
Netgate Subscribe
Pfsense Subscribe
Advisories

No advisories yet.

Fixes

Solution

No solution given by the vendor.

Workaround

No workaround given by the vendor.

References
Link Providers
https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn cve-icon cve-icon
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62 cve-icon cve-icon
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh cve-icon cve-icon
History

Thu, 15 Oct 2026 20:30:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics ssvc

{'options': {'Automatable': 'no', 'Exploitation': 'poc', 'Technical Impact': 'partial'}, 'version': '2.0.3'}

Thu, 15 Oct 2026 19:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.
Title Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh
First Time appeared Netgate
Netgate pfsense
Weaknesses CWE-78
CPEs cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendors & Products Netgate
Netgate pfsense
References
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L'}

cvssV4_0

{'score': 2.3, 'vector': 'CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N'}

Projects

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cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: VulnCheck

Published:

Updated: 2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z

Reserved: 2026-10-15T18:21:21.906Z

Link: CVE-2026-111225

cve-icon Vulnrichment

Updated: 2026-10-15T19:48:54.721Z

cve-icon NVD

Status : Awaiting Analysis

Published: 2026-10-15T19:17:35.230

Modified: 2026-10-15T21:05:32.823

Link: CVE-2026-111225

cve-icon Redhat

No data.

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

No data.

Weaknesses