{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-72054", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.903Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:52:10.679Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-16T15:53:18.394Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:39:51.024Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t->net.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.\nAC:L - Once a VTI device exists with t->net differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t->net is required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker's own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t->net via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker's net/user namespace into another tenant's or the host's network namespace.\nC:H - An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t->net, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the 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The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t->net.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires RTM_NEWLINK changelink over a local rtnetlink socket; vti_changelink is only reachable from rtnl configuration, not from received IPsec or IPv4 packets handled by vti_input/vti_rcv_proto.\nAC:L - Once a VTI device exists with t->net differing from dev_net(dev) via IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration or IFLA_LINK_NETNSID newlink, a single deterministic netlink changelink bypasses the missing check with no race or memory-layout dependency.\nPR:L - The rtnl entry path requires CAP_NET_ADMIN only in dev_net(dev), obtainable by an unprivileged local user via unshare --user --map-root-user --net; no CAP_NET_ADMIN in the sticky link netns t->net is required.\nUI:N - The attack is fully programmatic through netlink from the attacker's own process; no victim action such as mounting a filesystem, opening a file, or clicking is required.\nS:C - Authorization is checked against dev_net(dev) while vti_changelink mutates tunnel state in t->net via ip_tunnel_changelink/ip_tunnel_update, crossing from the attacker's net/user namespace into another tenant's or the host's network namespace.\nC:H - An attacker can rewrite IFLA_VTI_LOCAL/REMOTE, i_key/o_key, link, and fwmark to redirect IPsec VTI traffic to an attacker-controlled endpoint, exposing decrypted inner payloads carried by the VPN tunnel in the victim link netns.\nI:H - Unauthorized changelink updates live VTI tunnel endpoints, IPsec keys, underlay netdev, and fwmark in t->net, enabling redirection and injection of IPsec-protected traffic across the 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{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425", "status": "affected", "version": "895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["net/ipv4/ip_vti.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "3.15"}, {"lessThan": "3.15", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.10.261", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "5.15.212", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.1.178", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.145", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.97", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.40", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.5", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink\n\nvti_changelink() operates on at most two netns, dev_net(dev) and the\ntunnel link netns t->net. They differ once the device is created in or\nmoved to a netns other than the one the request runs in. The rtnl\nchangelink path checks CAP_NET_ADMIN only against dev_net(dev), so a\ncaller privileged there but not in t->net can rewrite a tunnel that\nlives in t->net.\n\nGate vti_changelink() on rtnl_dev_link_net_capable() at its top,\nbefore any attribute is parsed."}], "id": "CVE-2026-72054", "lastModified": "2026-10-16T16:20:57.533", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.0, "impactScore": 6.0, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}], "ssvcV203": [{"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "ssvcData": {"id": "CVE-2026-72054", "options": [{"exploitation": "none"}, {"automatable": "no"}, {"technicalImpact": "total"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "timestamp": "2026-10-16T15:50:59.364061Z", "version": "2.0.3"}}]}, "published": "2026-08-15T06:21:14.760", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: ip_vti: require CAP_NET_ADMIN in the device netns for changelink", "id": "2516465", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2516465"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-1220", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's `ip_vti` component. An attacker with `CAP_NET_ADMIN` privileges in one network namespace (netns) but not in another, can exploit an insufficient capability check in the `vti_changelink()` function. This allows them to rewrite a Virtual Tunnel Interface (VTI) tunnel that resides in the second network namespace, leading to unauthorized modification of network configurations and potential traffic redirection."], "name": "CVE-2026-72054", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-72054\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72054\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026081516-CVE-2026-72054-60d1@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,1caf737e625143c6f23c32d2b747b1a3e42e5699)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,32edf8aa297745226854eda2d96c0fac66c1bb15)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,973ead9e565423642e4533e1547b5d2c0476fb03)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,33fd93961557ec8e3e9958995b28684c5f949394)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,6d8bc0dc99472d62c57c2a3d436e6ab408592bda)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,9571af2eec8023af9a1671b7f2cd4ab400011724)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,88b33ee458a6ca5fbef6c53b9dba772da69dab68)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[895de9a3488abcdd186680f0af3cce7f2d4d4a6e,95cceadbfd52d7239bd730afdda0655287d77425)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "3.15"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,3.15)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[5.10.261,5.11.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[5.15.212,5.16.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.1.178,6.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.145,6.7.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.97,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.40,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.1.5,7.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.2-rc1,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-08-15T15:00:03.922030+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-18T02:15:04.924757+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"], "weaknesses": ["CWE-1220"]}